Two cases of neurological dysfunction are presented. Neurological deficits after recovery from anaesthesia are unusual in young women perioperatively. In the first case, a 39-yr-old woman presented at 36-wk gestation with antepartum haemorrhage and in labour. Pregnancy had been complicated by pre-eclampsia and she underwent emergency Caesarean section under general anaesthesia without complication. The trachea was extubated when she was awake but almost immediately she became hypertensive, obtunded and reintubation was required. Her pupils became fixed and dilated but the Computerised Axial Tomogram (CT) was normal. A coagulopathy was evident. She made a full neurological recovery within 24 hr. On the same day, a previously healthy 41-yr-old woman who had undergone uneventful surgery for uterine prolapse 24 hr previously developed headache, nausea and over the next four hours signs of progressive brainstem ischaemia. The CT scan showed oedema of the mid- and hindbrain. Brainstem death was confirmed 12 hr later and the post-mortem revealed acute dissection of the vertebral artery secondary to cystic medial necrosis. Such dramatic neurological sequelae are rare but the importance of identifying "at risk" groups is underlined as is early recognition of neurological injury postoperatively.Two cases of neurological dysfunction are presented. Neurological deficits after recovery from anaesthesia are unusual in young women perioperatively. In the first case, a 39-yr-old woman presented at 36-wk gestation with antepartum haemorrhage and in labour. Pregnancy had been complicated by pre-eclampsia and she underwent emergency Caesarean section under general anaesthesia without complication. The trachea was extubated when she was awake but almost immediately she became hypertensive, obtunded and reintubation was required. Her pupils became fixed and dilated but the Computerised Axial Tomogram (CT) was normal. A coagulopathy was evident. She made a full neurological recovery within 24 hr. On the same day, a previously healthy 41-yr-old woman who had undergone uneventful surgery for uterine prolapse 24 hr previously developed headache, nausea and over the next four hours signs of progressive brainstem ischaemia. The CT scan showed oedema of the mid- and hindbrain. Brainstem death was confirmed 12 hr later and the post-mortem revealed acute dissection of the vertebral artery secondary to cystic medial necrosis. Such dramatic neurological sequelae are rare but the importance of identifying "at risk" groups is underlined as is early recognition of neurological injury postoperatively.