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Olspert, A; Chung, BYW; Atkins, JF; Carr, JP; Firth, AE
2015
August
Embo Reports
Transcriptional slippage in the positive-sense RNA virus family Potyviridae
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gene expression P3N-PIPO Potyvirus RNA virus transcriptional slippage DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS READING FRAMES MESSENGER-RNAS GENOMIC RNA VIRAL-RNA IN-SITU PROTEIN REPLICATION POLYMERASE
16
995
1004
The family Potyviridae encompasses similar to 30% of plant viruses and is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Recently, a small overlapping coding sequence, termed pipo, was found to be conserved in the genomes of all potyvirids. PIPO is expressed as part of a frameshift protein, P3N-PIPO, which is essential for virus cell-to-cell movement. However, the frameshift expression mechanism has hitherto remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional slippage, specific to the viral RNA polymerase, results in a population of transcripts with an additional "A" inserted within a highly conserved GAAAAAA sequence, thus enabling expression of P3N-PIPO. The slippage efficiency is similar to 2% in Turnip mosaic virus and slippage is inhibited by mutations in the GAAAAAA sequence. While utilization of transcriptional slippage is well known in negative-sense RNA viruses such as Ebola, mumps and measles, to our knowledge this is the first report of its widespread utilization for gene expression in positive-sense RNA viruses.
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