Big Data
Cloud computing
Combinatorial mathematics
Just-in-time
Network servers
Protocols
Resource allocation
Cloud reservation system
Big Data applications
Component-dependency relationships
Resource management
Cloud environments
Two-stage protocol
Dynamically forming rack-level server coalitions
Workflow component execution
Combinatorial auctions
Market-based resource allocation
Servers
Organizations
Computers
Google
Cloud resource management
Hierarchical organization
Emerging Big Data applications increasingly require resources beyond those available from a single server and may be expressed as a complex workflow of many components and dependency relationships-each component potentially requiring its own specific, and perhaps specialized, resources for its execution. Efficiently supporting this type of Big Data application is a challenging resource management problem for existing cloud environments. In response, we propose a two-stage protocol for solving this resource management problem. We exploit spatial locality in the first stage by dynamically forming rack-level coalitions of servers to execute a workflow component. These coalitions only exist for the duration of the execution of their assigned component and are subsequently disbanded, allowing their resources to take part in future coalitions. The second stage creates a package of these coalitions, designed to support all the components in the complete workflow. To minimize the communication and housekeeping overhead needed to form this package of coalitions, the technique of combinatorial auctions is adapted from market-based resource allocation. This technique has a considerably lower overhead for resource aggregation than the traditional hierarchically organized models. We analyze two strategies for coalition formation: the first, history-based uses information from past auctions to pre-form coalitions in anticipation of predicted demand; the second one is a just-in-time-that builds coalitions only when support for specific workflow components is requested.