Fish diet
n-3 fatty acids
Cardiovascular disease
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1
Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1
Healthy subjects
CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE
ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID
FISH CONSUMPTION
HEART-DISEASE
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
IMMUNE FUNCTION
OBESE WOMEN
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS
EXPRESSION
Background and aim: Serum levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules (CAMS) and blood lipid parameters have been used as markers of inflammatory processes associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The present study evaluated the effects of the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish and fish oil within energy-restricted diets, on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1).Methods and results: Two hundred and seventy-five healthy European subjects aged between 20 and 40 years, were randomized to one of four hypocaloric dietary groups: control (sunflower oil capsules, no seafood), lean fish (3 x 150 g portions of cod/week), fatty fish (3 x 150 g portions of salmon/week), fish oil ((docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -+- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) capsules, no seafood)). Diets rich in lean fish significantly decreased ICAM-1 levels, around 5% from baseline to endpoint (p < 0.05), and had no effect on VCAM-1 levels. No significant differences were observed in sICAM-1 levels after the intervention with fatty fish or fish oils. On the other hand, these two seafood based diets were responsible for a significant increase of VCAM-1 levels [fatty fish; 16.1% and fish oil; 21.9%] respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions: CAMS as inflammatory biomarkers in young and healthy subjects are not conclusive for the evaluation of CVD risk. Hypocaloric fish diets had a different effect on CAMS,