Pseudomonas
2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol
ecological impact
sugarbeet
Rhizobium
PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM
METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL
BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL
DAMPING-OFF
TAKE-ALL
SUPPRESSION
STRAIN
SOIL
BIOSYNTHESIS
RHIZOSPHERE
The biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 produces the antimicrobial metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and controls the extent of Pythium-mediated damping-off of sugarbeet. A field site without damping-off pressure in 1994 was chosen to investigate the effect of a spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutant of F113 (i.e., F113Rif) on growth of sugarbeet and subsequent clover, with the objective of developing a database for future risk assessments of genetically-improved derivatives of F113. The inoculant established itself at about 6 log CFU per root system of seed-inoculated sugarbeet for 3 months after inoculation in 1994. In the absence of damping-off disease, the F113Rif treatment did not influence sugarbeet germination and had no effect on root yield, sugar yield, and root quality (contents in alpha-amino nitrogen, potassium and sodium, alkalinity of root tissue, purity of juice from extracted roots, sugar extractability). In the second pear, the site was sown with uninoculated red clover, and F113Rif was found at low population levels in the rhizosphere (2.0 log CFU per root system at the first harvest). The F113Rif treatment had no effect on nodulation of red clover by the resident rhizobia and did not influence foliage dry matter and total nitrogen at the two harvests carried out in 1995. Overall, inoculation of sugarbeet seeds with the phloroglucinol-producing pseudomonad F113Rif had no apparent ecological impact at the level of the sugarbeet crop and the subsequent clover-Rhizobium symbiosis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.