High climate variability and deep societal inequalities render South Africa a climate-vulnerable nation. Extreme weather events are increasing and impacting health and development in multiple ways. This chapter describes the impacts of extreme heat; floods and storms; drought; and wildfires on health and development in South Africa. It identifies socio-economic and occupational groups that are most vulnerable. It describes important recent policy and legislative responses that have the potential to create a more climate-resilient nation. It concludes with recommendations for action on climate and health by health professionals in South Africa.