© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015. The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, is a uniquely successful system for enforcing human rights, but it contains few references to children’s rights. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is a rich source of human rights, which, at the same time, has been interpreted in a way that advances children’s rights. This chapter aims to explore the contribution of the European Court’s jurisprudence in this area; in particular, it considers the use of article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) to interpret the ECHR in the two areas of child access/custody and juvenile justice.