Cross, coin, solidus, hexagram, Heraclius, Constans
It is argued that most of the control-marks displayed in association with the cross on the reverse of the gold and silver coinage struck at Constantinople during the seventh century probably abbreviate terms relating to the crucified Christ, even addressing him in prayer on occasion. The argument is made with special attention to the solidi struck there under Heraclius and the hexagrams struck there under Constans II.