Peer-Reviewed Journal Details
Mandatory Fields
Walmsley, Joel; O'Madagain Cathal
2020
October
Psychological Science
The worst-motive fallacy: A negativity bias in motive attribution
Validated
Optional Fields
Cognitive bias Motives Attribution Meta-ethics Experimental philosophy Moral intuitions Moral judgment Open data Open materials Preregistered
In this article, we describe a hitherto undocumented fallacy-in the sense of a mistake in reasoning-constituted by a negativity bias in the way that people attribute motives to others. We call this the "worst-motive fallacy," and we conducted two experiments to investigate it. In Experiment 1 (N = 323), participants expected protagonists in a variety of fictional vignettes to pursue courses of action that satisfy the protagonists' worst motive, and furthermore, participants significantly expected the protagonist to pursue a worse course of action than they would prefer themselves. Experiment 2 (N = 967) was a preregistered attempted replication of Experiment 1, including a bigger range of vignettes; the first effect was not replicated for the new vignettes tested but was for the original set. Also, we once again found that participants expected protagonists to be more likely than they were themselves to pursue courses of action that they considered morally bad. We discuss the worst-motive fallacy's relation to other well-known biases as well as its possible evolutionary origins and its ethical (and meta-ethical) consequences.
1467-9280
10.1177/0956797620954492
Grant Details