As there are already a number of insightful overviews of the global illicit drug trade (i.e. Purvis and Gundur, 2019; Reuter, 2014) this chapter will not re-tread a well-worn path, but rather explore recent developments and scan for future issues. EMCDDA and Europol (2019) suggest that horizon scanning can improve preparedness for future challenges, ensure institutional resilience to future threats and avoid rigid responses. This chapter will first review traditional drug market dynamics. With this context established it will explore: import substitution of cannabis, the exploitation of vulnerable peoples in European drug markets, online drug sales and new psychoactive substance (NPS) markets. The chapter concludes by discussing whether drug markets will become more exploitative and violent.