Sustainable waste management practices have become challenging due to our consumption behavior and changing socioeconomic conditions. Waste management is a multidimensional problem that requires technology, economics, and sociocultural and political activities to go hand in hand. This chapter attempts to summarize the key influential aspects in waste management practices, including the interaction of the abovementioned factors. Furthermore, the chapter provides some brief data on global waste generation followed by an update on advanced waste management technologies available today. The interaction between the different factors is highlighted. Finally, case studies comparing waste management activities in three different countries is presented.