This chapter explores the diverse ways in which memories of political violence and trauma have been explored in contemporary Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese theatre, focusing primarily on developments and changes since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Beginning with an introductory overview, it goes on to outline the main strategies used in contemporary approaches to performing and embodying difficult pasts – the archaeological; the surrogational; the testimonial; the transgenerational and the trans(l/n)ational – and their relationship to shifting societal “structures of feeling”. Closer analysis zooms in on a selection of works by three women directors and playwrights whose practice has been explicitly framed as memory theatre: Laila Ripoll (Madrid, b.1964), from her Trilogía de la Memoria (2013) to more recent engagement with transnational legacies of violence; Helena Tornero (Figueres, b. 1973), who recently collected together six of her works in translation into Spanish as a Teatro de la memoria (2023); and Joana Craveiro (Lisbon, b. 1974) with her Museu vivo de memórias pequenhas e esquecidas (2014-2017).